.... animals or plants that express genes conferring, for example, improved meat yield or resistance to specific diseases. It can also be used to create organisms that function as biological factories manufacturing hormones and other biological compounds used to treat human diseases. For example, bacteria can produce the hormone insulin, which is used to treat diabetes. Such uses of transgenic organisms are widely referred to as genetic engineering. Transgenic organisms have proved very useful in analyzing the function of gene products because a specific gene can be expressed in all the cells of a transgenic organism and the effect on the organism's development a .....

.... and air conditioning for homes and cars (Singer and Crandall npg). Carbon tetrachloride is one of the major components in making CFC so their damage is similar. When they inter the outer atmosphere, They react with ozone chemicals to release chlorine and bromine that in turn deteriorate the ozone and form "thinning" or "holes." This is catastrophic because they are bonded very strongly together and cannot be broken down by water. This means they travel into the atmosphere virtually unharmed by rain or decomposition (Goldfarb 282). The reason these are causing such a commotion is the damage they cause to living things on Earth. When the ozone depl .....

.... compensate for the lack, and will show the defect. In females however, only one of the two chromosomes will be abnormal. In very rare cases however, she will have inherited two defective X chromosomes and herself will be a hemophiliac. If she is not affected and the gene is recessive, she is now classified as a carrier. In some cases, there is no previous record of hemophilia in the family. Male children who would be born with hemophilia would be the result of the mutation of the gene. There are two types of hemophilia: Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. Hemophilia A, also known as "Classical Hemophilia" is caused by a factor Vlll deficiency. This is the mo .....

.... that affects the digestive tract. The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. It can affect the digestive system anywhere between the mouth and the anus, but usually affects the final section of the small intestine, the ileum. Inflammation of the inner lining of the colon and rectum is caused by Ulcerative Colitis, while Crohn's disease is an inflammation that extends into the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. Crohn's disease can also affect the also affect the colon, the regional lymph nodes, and the mesentery (outside covering of the intestines). The disease can be aggravated by a bacterial infection. It begins with the development of patches of inflamma .....

.... The risk of HBV infection is notably high in promiscuous homosexual men but it is also transmitted sexually from men to women and women to men. Transmission is probably prevented by correct use of condoms. Health care workers and patients receiving hemodialysis are also at increased risk of infection. Effective vaccines are available for the prevention of HBV infection. All individuals at risk for infection should be vaccinated. Post-exposure prophylaxis with immune globulin is also effective for non-immune individuals after a known exposure (e. g. needle stick). Consequences of HBV Infection HBV causes acute and chronic hepatitis. The chances of b .....

.... hosts ranging from reptiles to monkeys. It is therefore necessary to look at all the aspects in order to assess the possibility of a vaccine. The disease has a long and complex life cycle which creates problems for immunologists. The vector for Malaria is the Anophels Mosquito in which the life cycle of Malaria both begins and ends. The parasitic protozoan enters the bloodstream via the bite of an infected female mosquito. During her feeding she transmits a small amount of anticoagulant and haploid sporozoites along with saliva. The sporozoites head directly for the hepatic cells of the liver where they multiply by asexual fission to produce merozoites. These .....

.... the list to three major causes: a first depressive episode caused by a traumatic event, a biochemical disorder, or an inherited disorder. Depression can result from an emotionally or physically stressful incident. This has been termed by psychologists as first depressive episode. Possible causes include the death of a loved one, an abortion or miscarriage, a move to a new home or job, the end of an important relationship, financial problems, a chronic illness, or any other traumatic event. For many people, these incidents produce a mild to moderate case of the blues. They feel "down" for a while, but they are able to continue functioning and pe .....

.... Coherent and Incoherent Bundles Transimission efficiency and resolution Types of Fibres: Single mode or Multimode ? Fibre Properties Fibre-Optic Endoscopy Introduction The Fibre-Optic Endoscope Some Applications for Fibre-Optic Endoscopy References Fibre Optics A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fibre optics, is the channelled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibres. The clear advantages of fibre optics are too often obscured by concerns that may have been valid during the pioneering days of fibre, but that have since been answered by technical advances. Fibre is fragile An optical fibre has .....