Part 1 of Essay
by Brent M. Pergram, Masters of Arts in Sociology The Martinson Report of the early 1970’s, said that rehabilitative efforts or treatment programs in general had failed to reduce recidivism. The Report led those in control of government and the criminal justice system to say that rehabilitation does not work, and therefo ....

Part 2 of Essay
.... prisons that have no such programs (Martinson, p.292). Martinson says that individual counseling also fails to reduce recidivism. In terms of group counseling he admits that a study of adult offenders did show improvement in attitudes of offenders, but since it did not include information on recidivism it was discounted. Martinson is criticized because the counseling programs may not seem to work because of the institutional environment outside the program. Martinson says that even in institutional envir ....