Part 1 of Essay
«The emphasis (of MBO) is on trying to predict and influence the future rather than on responding and reacting by the seat of the pants. It is also a ‘results-oriented’ philosophy of management, one of which emphasizes accomplishments and results. The focus is generally on change and on improving both individual and organi ....

Part 2 of Essay
.... of the monarchy, the same thing happened. Working for a state enterprise, the employees didn’t have a chance to set objectives for their work they performed. The central planning department set quotes, by which all the organizations had to obey even if those planks were set too high to reach. Workers were responsible for reaching organizational goals no matter for at what costs, but on the other side the means by which they had to reach the organizational goals were predetermined by the central planning departm ....