Part 1 of Essay
Testosterone Equals or Equals Testosterone? High levels of testosterone seem to encourage behavior apparently intended to dominate -- to enhance one's status over -- other people. Sometimes dominant behavior is aggressive, it is apparent intent being to inflict harm on another person, but often dominance is expressed no ....

Part 2 of Essay
.... after the competition, testosterone rises in winners and declines in losers. Of greater importance are the facts that Sapolsky states in his essay that leads one to wonder if “testosterone equals ” or if “ equals testosterone.”1 He says that numerous studies have been done to figure it out; but have never been able to come to a scientific conclusion. In his essay he goes on to state his view that “Hormones seem to many to be more real, more substantive, than the ephemera of behavior, so when a correlation occur ....