Part 1 of Essay
The notions of “modernity,” “modernization,” and “modernism” play an important role in better understanding the development of Europe. These three concepts can be applied to a range of transformations in the areas of politics, socio-economics, and culture respectively. The three concepts are connected, yet each has its o ....

Part 2 of Essay
.... is a reference to a high cultural movement and was used to relate to changing attitudes. It is basically a celebration of the notion of progress. “Modernity” during the French Revolution was used as a term of abuse. At this time, during the Reign of Terror in particular, France was moving toward a more republican form of government. During their attempt at the Republic of Virtue Catholicism was a focal point of attack. These attacks ended up fueling divisions that in the end proved to be fatal for the r ....