Part 1 of Essay
Benford’s recent critique of the framing perspective in the social movements literature posits the need for a sociology of framing processes (Benford 1997). The framing perspective was inspired by Erving Goffman’s (1974) notion of “invisible structures” called frames (Ritzer 1992). The outcome of countless interactions tha ....

Part 2 of Essay
.... to invigorate the frequently reified conceptualizations of social movements by recognizing the contribution of organized collective action to definitions of social problems and cultural knowledge in general (Eyerman and Jamison 1991; Sztompka 1993). As Benford (1997) explains, doing this entails focusing upon the framing process and providing an in-depth analysis of negotiation, conflict, and compromise in the development of the collective action frame. The framing perspective’s nodal point is frame alignment, w ....