.... into the dawning of a new era. At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into some 250 self- governing city-states, ranging from small towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citizens each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, ruling out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and early 1400s, many large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families o .....

.... were occurring in this "New World" too. Those who held positions of political office began throwing their power around, and the people were beginning to divide themselves based on economic status and social status. Those who were poor, homeless, or native to the land were outcasts within the community while the political and religious leaders enjoyed great popularity, wealth, and respect. People who weren't "in" did not have the same choices, opportunities, or advantages as the people of high status. These are among the reasons that the statement "After discovery and settlement, an individual in New Spain had even fewer choices and opportunities than that p .....

.... Richmond was doomed. Grant's appointment to Cold Harbor 29 February 1864 - 12 June 1864 "We must destroy this army of Grant's before he gets to the James River. If he gets there, it will be a siege and then it will be a mere question of time." -Robert E. Lee Grant in Command On February 29, 1864, Grant was given the rank of Lieutenant General (a rank last held by George Washington), and appointed to General-in-Chief of the Army. The reputation he had gained in the West had boosted morale in Washington, where the news from their theater was not always encouraging. Now that he was put in charge of the entire Union effort, morale soared on .....

.... of peace, these men would be common pirates, pariahs of the maritime community. Commissioned in times of war, they were respected entrepreneurs, serving their purses and their country, if only incidentally the latter. However vulgar their motivation, the system of privateering arose because it provided a valuable service to thecountry, and indeed the American Revolution might not have been won without their involvement. Many scholars agree that all war begins for economic reasons, and the privateers of the war for independence contributed by attacking the commercial livelihood of Great Britain's merchants. It is ironic that the entire notion of privateering b .....

.... her natural animal instinct to flee uncomfortable situations, and to comfortably conform in either of her opposing communities. Helga cannot suppress her desire to flee from uncomfortable situations in any city that she lives in. In Naxos, she convinces herself that she is leaving a place that has “grown into a machine” (4). Although the conforming nature of the institution contributes to Helga’s desire to leave, she is also stirred with “an overpowering desire for action of some sort” (4). Instead of staying in Naxos and fighting a battle against the institute’s conservative attitudes, Helga chooses to flee an unpleasant reality. This exemplifies the .....

.... already in town waiting for him. Kane is encouraged to get out of town by the moral forces in town, but he has second thoughts. He tells Amy that he's got to go back; the honeymoon will have to wait until his 12 o'clock showdown. The attitude of his wife is that she begs him not to be a hero, handing him an ultimatum on her wedding day. If he won't go away with her, she will go alone by the train, the one that leaves at twelve noon. He resolutely answers her, "I've got to stay." Kane, the anti-hero, is counting on getting special deputies sworn in to assist him. Everything hinges on midday. The suspense builds and the tension mounts as the clock ticks ever .....

.... after it happened; it was immediately adopted as the preferred method of getting news to the newsroom. Occasionally, however, the telegraph line would go down. Often this happened during a transmission, and the remainder of the message could not be sent until the line was repaired. Since a detailed description of the setting and the mood are useless without the actual piece of news, the system of writing, now known as the inverted pyramid, in which the most important items are written first in a concise manner, was born. The inverted pyramid system, born of necessity, was absorbed into newswriting over the proceeding century, and exists today as the standard .....

.... his hands), then westward twelve miles to the passes of South Mountain. There on September 14, at Turner’s, Fox’s, and Crampton’s gaps, Lee tried to block the Federals. But because he had split his army to send troops under General Thomas J.“Stonewall” Jackson to capture Harpers Ferry, Lee could only hope to delay the northerners. McClellan forced his way through, and by the afternoon of September 15, both armies had established new battlelines west and east of Antietam Creek, near the town Sharpsburg. When Jackson’s troops reached Sharpsburg on the 16th, Harpers Ferry having surrendered the day before, Lee consolidated his position along the low ridge .....